Rev. ed. : The physics of radiotherapy X-rays from linear accelerators. 1997.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1-Medical Linear Accelerators1.1 Introduction1.2 Principles of Operation1.3 Klystrons and Magnetrons1.4 Electron Gun141.5 Accelerator Waveguide1.6 Beam Delivery1.7 Collimation1.8 Wedges1.9 Compensators1.10 Electronic Portal Imaging Devices 1.11 On-Board Imaging Devices 1.12 Helical Tomotherapy1.13 Gamma Knife and CyberKnifeReferencesQuestionsChapter 2-Interaction Properties of X-Rays and Electrons2.1 Introduction2.2 Cross Sections and Attenuation Coefficients 2.3 Photon Interaction Processes2.4 Photon Beam Transport2.5 Electron Interactions2.6 Absorbed DoseReferencesQuestionsChapter 3-Dosimetry of Megavoltage X-Rays and Electrons 3.1 Introduction: Why Measure Dose?3.2 The Ideal Dosimeter: Some Definitions3.3 Radiotherapy Dosimetry Phantoms 3.4 Theory of Ionization Chamber Dosimetry3.5 Ionization Chambers: Commercial Chambers and Electrometers3.6 Semiconductor Detectors 3.7 Thermoluminescent Dosimeters3.8 Film Dosimetry 3.9 Other Means of Dosimetry3.10 Dosimeter Overview References QuestionsChapter 4-X-Ray Beam Properties4.1 Introduction4.2 Calibration Field Factors4.3 Build-up Region 4.4 Percentage Depth Dose 4.5 Isocentric Dose Ratios4.6 Beam Dose Profiles 4.7 Attenuation and Shielding4.8 A Few Comments on kV X-RaysReferencesQuestionsChapter 5-Linear Accelerator Electron Beam Properties 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterization of a Clinical Electron Beam 5.3 Depth Doses and Profiles5.4 Electron Applicators and Cut-outs5.5 Small and Irregular Fields 5.6 Variations in Geometry 5.7 Inhomogeneities 5.8 Typical Electron Beam Applications5.9 A Few Comments on Protons ReferencesQuestionsChapter 6-Radiotherapy Treatment Planning: X-Rays 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Isodose Curves6.3 Monitor Unit Calculations6.4 Classical Simulation6.5 Computed Tomography Simulation 6.6 Other Treatment Planning Aids 6.7 Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Hardware6.8 Dose Display 6.9 Dose-Volume Histograms6.10 Defining Treatment Planning VolumesReferencesQuestionsChapter 7-Special Procedures: Stereotactic Radiotherapy and IMRT7.1 The Rationale for Stereotactic Radiosurgery 7.2 Clinical Indications for SRS 7.3 Traditional Stereotactic Targeting 7.4 Frameless Stereotactic Targeting 7.5 SRS Treatment Planning 7.6 MMLC-based Radiosurgery Techniques7.7 Robotic Radiosurgery: The CyberKnife7.8 Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy7.9 The Rationale for IMRT7.10 Computation of Optimal Intensity Patterns for IMRT7.11 MLC Leaf Sequences for IMRT7.12 Dosimetric Properties of MLCs 7.13 Independent Plan Dosimetry Verification7.14 Clinical Treatment with IMRT7.15 Tomotherapy as an IMRT Modality7.16 Analogy of Tomotherapy to CT Imaging7.17 The TomoTherapy Hi-Art System (R) 7.18 Helical TomoTherapy Parameters 7.19 Clinical Use of Helical TomoTherapyReferencesQuestionsChapter 8-Calibration of Megavoltage Photon and Electron Beams 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Absolute Dosimetry with Ionization Chambers8.3 Air-Kerma Calibration-based Protocols8.4 Dose-to-Water Calibration-based Protocols8.5 Uncertainty Analysis and Verification ReferencesQuestionsChapter 9-Beam Models: Part I9.1 Introduction9.2 The Milan/Bentley Model9.3 Inhomogeneity Corrections9.4 Electron Pencil Beams9.5 Brachytherapy Source ModelsReferencesQuestionsChapter 10-Beam Models: Part II10.1 Introduction10.2 Monte Carlo Simulation10.3 BEAM 10.4 Geant410.5 Convolutions/Superposition Methods10.6 Macro Monte CarloReferencesQuestionsChapter 11-Quality Assurance in Radiotherapy11.1 Introduction11.2 Definition of Terms11.3 Equipment That Requires QA11.4 Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) QA11.5 Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) QA11.6 In Vivo DosimetryReferencesQuestionsChapter 12-Patient Immobilization and Image Guidance12.1 Introduction12.2 The ICRU Target Definitions12.3 Patient Setup and Immobilization12.4 Interfraction Motion Management: Image Guidance12.5 Intrafraction Motion ManagementReferencesQuestionsChapter 13-Radiation Protection and Room Shielding13.1 Introduction13.2 The Framework of ICRP Report 6013.3 Dose Limits13.4 Room Shielding References QuestionsChapter 14-Tumor and Normal Tissue Response14.1 Introduction 14.2 Mechanism of Cell Killing14.3 Introduction to Radiobiological Models14.4 The Four Rs of Radiobiology 14.5 Linear Quadratic Model Including Tumor Proliferation14.6 Models of Tumor and Normal Tissue Response 14.7 Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD) 14.8 Clinical Trials Definitions 14.9 Current Issues in RadiobiologyReferencesQuestionsAnswers to Chapter QuestionsIndex

This book is an updated successor to The Physics of Radiotherapy X-Rays from Linear Accelerators, published in 1997. This new volume includes a significant amount of new material, including new chapters on electrons in radiotherapy and IMRT, IGRT, and tomotherapy, which have become key developments in radiation therapy